NAICS 323 - Printing and Related Support Activities
Industries in the Printing and Related Support Activities subsector print products, such as newspapers, books, labels, business cards, stationery, business forms, and other materials, and perform support activities, such as data imaging, platemaking services, and bookbinding. The support activities included here are an integral part of the printing industry, and a product (a printing plate, a bound book, or a computer disk or file) that is an integral part of the printing industry is almost always provided by these operations.
Processes used in printing include a variety of methods used to transfer an image from a plate, screen, film, or computer file to some medium, such as paper, plastics, metal, textile articles, or wood. The most prominent of these methods is to transfer the image from a plate or screen to the medium (lithographic, gravure, screen, and flexographic printing). A rapidly growing new technology uses a computer file to directly "drive" the printing mechanism to create the image and new electrostatic and other types of equipment (digital or nonimpact printing).
In contrast to many other classification systems that locate publishing of printed materials in manufacturing, NAICS classifies the publishing of printed products in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet). Though printing and publishing are often carried out by the same enterprise (a newspaper, for example), it is less and less the case that these distinct activities are carried out in the same establishment. When publishing and printing are done in the same establishment, the establishment is classified in Sector 51, Information, in the appropriate NAICS industry even if the receipts for printing exceed those for publishing.
This subsector includes printing on clothing because the production process for that activity is printing, not clothing manufacturing. For instance, the printing of T-shirts is included in this subsector. In contrast, printing on fabric (or grey goods) is not included. This activity is part of the process of finishing the fabric and is included in the NAICS Textile Mills subsector in Industry 31331, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills.
Industry trends:
The NAICS 323 category, Printing and Related Support Activities, has been experiencing significant transformations influenced by technological advancements, environmental concerns, and shifting consumer preferences. One of the most notable trends is the increasing digitization of the printing process. Digital printing technologies are becoming more prevalent, offering quick turnaround times, lower costs for short runs, and the ability to customize print outputs. This shift is allowing businesses to offer more personalized and on-demand printing services, thus attracting new clientele and expanding market reach.
Environmental sustainability is another critical trend shaping the industry. Consumers and businesses alike are demanding more eco-friendly printing solutions, which has led to a rise in the use of biodegradable inks, recycled paper, and energy-efficient printing presses. Companies in this sector are also increasingly adopting sustainable practices to reduce waste and carbon footprints, responding to both regulatory requirements and consumer advocacy.
The integration of digital platforms is enhancing customer engagement and operational efficiency. Print businesses are leveraging e-commerce channels to reach wider markets and offer seamless ordering experiences. Additionally, data analytics are being utilized to better understand market trends and consumer behavior, enabling companies to provide more tailored offerings.
In terms of forecasts, the industry is expected to continue its shift towards digitalization and sustainability over the next few years. There is likely to be a greater emphasis on value-added services such as personalized packaging solutions and experiential print products. Emerging technologies, including 3D printing, are poised to open new areas of business, particularly in custom manufacturing and design sectors. Firms that innovate and adapt to these trends will likely improve their competitiveness and market positioning.
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